留學(xué)生在essay寫作過程中經(jīng)常會(huì)用到代詞,大家都知道代詞是用來代替前文出現(xiàn)過的名詞。但是代詞的使用看似簡(jiǎn)單其實(shí)很復(fù)雜,留學(xué)生要怎么才能做到正確使用呢?下面就跟Australiaway小編一起來看看吧!
Essay寫作技巧
大家容易困惑的是:
1.句子or詞組,可以被看成是名詞,用代詞指代嗎?
2.代詞,可以指代不是名詞的其他詞,比如形容詞,動(dòng)詞嗎?
3.當(dāng)句子中出現(xiàn)了2個(gè)名詞以上,如何指代?
比較復(fù)雜,小編來跟大家逐一講解。
首先看第一個(gè)問題:
句子or詞組,可以用代詞指代嗎?
在北美,是不可以的。這也是GMAT語法的??颊Z法點(diǎn)。
"A pronoun must always refer to a single,clear,unmistake Noun."(1)代詞指代的是單個(gè),清晰,無誤的名詞。
所以,
Tom was always unprepared for class.It made his teacher increasingly mad.
Tom was always unprepared for class.This made his teacher increasingly mad.
Tom was always unprepared for class,which made his teacher increasingly mad.
這里的it.this,甚至which都是錯(cuò)誤的。因?yàn)樗麄兌急挥脕碇复粋€(gè)用整個(gè)句子表達(dá)的觀點(diǎn)(an idea expressed in an entire sentence or statement),這違背了代詞必須指代一個(gè)明確的名詞的規(guī)則。
如何修改了?(2)
1.用名詞代替代詞replace it with a noun:
Tom was always unprepared for class,and his constant unpreparedness drove his teacher crazy.
2.在this后面加一個(gè)名詞:
Tom was always unprepared for class,and this habit drove his teacher crazy.
3.合并成一個(gè)句子,減少代詞:
Tom's constant unpreparedness made his teacher increasingly mad.
4.在which前加一個(gè)名詞:
Tom was always unprepared for class,a habit which drove his teacher crazy.
其實(shí)大家可以看出,以上修改的核心是,要么用一個(gè)名詞來概括前面整個(gè)句子,要么在代詞前加了一個(gè)具體的名詞。來符合代詞的使用原則--必須指代明確具體的名詞。
再看一個(gè)例子(3):
Meg telephoned Howard yesterday to explain why she had not attended the meeting the day before.This made Howard angry.
這里的this,被用來指代前面整個(gè)句子,當(dāng)然也是錯(cuò)誤的。因?yàn)樽x者并不能知道Howard生氣到底是因?yàn)橐韵碌哪囊粋€(gè):
Meg telephoned,
Meg telephoned yesterday,or
Meg had not attended the meeting the day before
所以,還是指代不清。
如何修改了?
1.用名詞代替代詞:
Meg telephoned Howard...before.Meg's absence made...
or:
Meg telephoned Howard...before.Meg's late call made...
2.合并句子,減少代詞:
Because Meg telephoned Howard yesterday to explain why she had not attended the meeting the day before,Howard became very angry.
or:
Meg's telephone call yesterday to explain why she had not attended the meeting the day before made Howard very angry.