對(duì)于Assignment寫作,很多留學(xué)生認(rèn)為應(yīng)該多使用那些復(fù)雜精美的句子去升華論文,這樣才是體現(xiàn)自己寫作水平的做法。其實(shí)這種想法非常片面,因?yàn)樵诶蠋熝壑?,你的那些?fù)雜的句子很多都有問題。而簡(jiǎn)潔就可以很好地解決這個(gè)問題,下面就給大家詳細(xì)講解Assignment代寫相關(guān)內(nèi)容。
一、從簡(jiǎn):復(fù)合句從句簡(jiǎn)化
從簡(jiǎn)是指復(fù)合句從句簡(jiǎn)化(clause reduction)。復(fù)合句其間有一些重復(fù)、空洞的元素。剔除他們,節(jié)省空間,精簡(jiǎn)句子就是復(fù)合句從句簡(jiǎn)化。我知道說起語法很無趣,但是,這種語法現(xiàn)象在地道的Assignment寫作中頻率頗高。我認(rèn)為熟練運(yùn)用這個(gè)工具是Assignment寫作登堂入室的標(biāo)志之一。以下是《時(shí)代周刊》一篇封面文章的節(jié)選。作者M(jìn)ichael Schuman是一名“老筆桿子”,其文筆相對(duì)更注重表現(xiàn)力。
The view in most of the world is that China is indestructible.
Shrugging off the crises multiplying elsewhere,China seems to surge from strength to strength,its spectacular growth marching on no matter what headwinds may come.
It appears inevitable that China will overtake a U.S.mired in debt and division to become the world’s indispensable economy.
Those businessmen and policymakers looking to the future believe China’s“state capitalism”may be a superior form of economic organization in dealing with the challenges of the modern global economy.前面的句子如果不用從簡(jiǎn)的手法會(huì)寫成:After China shrugged off the crises that multiply elsewhere,it seems to surge from strength to strength,and its spectacular growth marches on no matter what headwinds may come.
上邊的句子基本反映了從句精簡(jiǎn)的規(guī)則:如果從屬從句的主語和主要從句中主語重復(fù),在從屬從句中可以省略主語;
1)如果從句的動(dòng)詞是Be動(dòng)詞,視Be動(dòng)詞是否有實(shí)際含義直接去掉或者變成Being,其他不變
2)如果從句中有could,would,must等助動(dòng)詞,將助動(dòng)詞變成不定式to,其他不變;
3)如果從句中沒有助動(dòng)詞,也沒有be動(dòng)詞則將動(dòng)詞變成Ving,其他不變。
二、標(biāo)點(diǎn):活用分號(hào),冒號(hào),破折號(hào)和連字符
標(biāo)點(diǎn)指的是活用分號(hào)(semi-colon),冒號(hào)(colon),破折號(hào)(em-dash)和連字符(hyphen)。通篇幾乎只用逗號(hào)和句號(hào)也是一種“中國(guó)味”。我認(rèn)為這是由于我們的非專業(yè)英語教育不太重視英文這四種標(biāo)點(diǎn)的使用,比如說高考中就很少考查這些知識(shí)點(diǎn)。相反,母語作者在文章中會(huì)更多地使用到這四種標(biāo)點(diǎn)。
a.分號(hào):隱形膠水
Richard C.Wydick在他的法律Assignment寫作經(jīng)典Plain English for Lawyers中談到了分號(hào),他描述道:“一些律師對(duì)于分號(hào)的態(tài)度就像是對(duì)野蘑菇:有些非常美味,但是有些卻是致命的;因?yàn)闆]法分辨兩者的區(qū)別,那就干脆統(tǒng)統(tǒng)避開。”Wydick自己的觀點(diǎn)是分號(hào)沒有那么危險(xiǎn),并且十分有用。其一,分號(hào)可以用來連接兩個(gè)關(guān)系緊密的分句,這種做法的更大好處是可以增添寫作的多樣性,并且避免使用太多and之類連接詞所帶來的斷斷續(xù)續(xù)感(choppy sentences),同時(shí)也精簡(jiǎn)了用字。這就是為什么我給分號(hào)起了個(gè)隱形膠水的綽號(hào)。
書中的一個(gè)例子是:The defense counsel objected to the questions;she said that it called for information projected by the attorney-client privilege.
其二,放在已經(jīng)被連接詞(therefore,however,furthermore,thus,indeed,in fact,as a result or for example)連接的兩個(gè)從句中間,從而加強(qiáng)句子的節(jié)奏感。
比如:Her testimony could have been admitted under several exceptions to the hearsay rule;for example,either the excited utterance exception or the contemporaneous statements exception would apply.
b.冒號(hào):洗耳恭聽
冒號(hào)表明其后引用的內(nèi)容是前邊內(nèi)容的列舉、總結(jié)或闡述。每當(dāng)放一個(gè)冒號(hào),就像提醒讀者:我要開始解釋了。冒號(hào)用作列舉則可省去include/including,并在視覺上創(chuàng)造一個(gè)更醒目的標(biāo)志。而冒號(hào)更有價(jià)值的用法是引導(dǎo)對(duì)前文的總結(jié)(summary)、闡述(elaboration)或者是例證(illustration)。以下的例子也來源于“Plain English for Lawyers”:
The plaintiff failed to prove two key elements:negligence and proximate cause.(列舉)
The damages were staggering:$1,000,000 in medical bills and$74,000 in lost wages.(闡釋)
Only one thing stands between us and settlement:money.(闡述)
c.破折號(hào):無聲的強(qiáng)調(diào)
我覺得破折號(hào)(em-dash)在“中國(guó)味”寫作中是最被低估的標(biāo)點(diǎn),破折號(hào)可以加在被引導(dǎo)內(nèi)容之前,用來表示停頓和解釋。比如“Plain English for Lawyers”里列舉的例子。
We need not reach the constitutional issue—that can await another day and another set of facts.
我覺得如果說冒號(hào)在對(duì)讀者平靜地說“我要開始解釋了”,那么破折號(hào)則是帶著感情地說“我要說點(diǎn)重要的”。Ben Yagoda在《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》的“Mad Dash”一文中深入地討論了破折號(hào)的用法:他認(rèn)為破折號(hào)帶來的停頓時(shí)長(zhǎng)約等于四分之三個(gè)句號(hào),這比括號(hào)稍長(zhǎng),而比逗號(hào)長(zhǎng)得多,這樣就可以更好地吸引讀者的注意。他列舉了《了不起的蓋茨比》中的一段,來說明破折號(hào)和冒號(hào)的區(qū)別。
Thirty:the promise of a decade of loneliness,a thinning list of single men to know,a thinning briefcase of enthusiasm,thinning hair.試比較原文
Thirty—the promise of a decade of loneliness,a thinning list of single men to know,a thinning briefcase of enthusiasm,thinning hair.原文
三、副詞巧:狀態(tài)副詞以取代副詞短語
“副詞巧”指的是多多利用狀態(tài)副詞以取代狀態(tài)副詞短語。換句話說就是將一個(gè)詞組的意思濃縮到一個(gè)副詞上。
試比較陳老師提供的幾個(gè)句組:
As an enthusiastic reader,Peter read many books without paying attention to their differences in quality or subject matter.
As an enthusiastic reader,Peter read many books indiscriminately(不作選擇地)
Good staff performed their tasks with great care and strong sense of responsibility.Good staff performed their tasks conscientiously.(誠(chéng)心誠(chéng)意地)
The pharmacist,through an oversight,made a mistake in the prescription.
The pharmacist inadvertently made a mistake in the prescription.(不經(jīng)心地)
從上面幾組句子看,很明顯,和動(dòng)詞搭配起來,狀態(tài)副詞比狀態(tài)副詞短語簡(jiǎn)潔有力,活潑可愛。值得多多學(xué)習(xí)。以下是一些比較容易忘記在寫作里使用的狀態(tài)副詞。
四、單一的工具,只能解決單一的問題
就像在一個(gè)只有錘子的人眼里,所有問題都是釘子。如果你的Assignment寫作技法有限,表達(dá)方式往往也會(huì)重復(fù)單調(diào),我認(rèn)為這是“中國(guó)味”英文單調(diào)無趣的一個(gè)重要原因。以上的三寶,從簡(jiǎn)、標(biāo)點(diǎn)、副詞巧,希望能為你的寫作工具箱加上幾種工具,把你的作品雕琢的更加細(xì)致、凝練。但另一方面,這三寶只是寫作的工具,而不是寫作的原則,這也是為什么我們會(huì)看到作者視情況采取不同的選擇。希望我們駕馭英文能夠像駕馭跑車,收放自如,風(fēng)馳電掣,享受到Sheer Writing Pleasure。
以上就是關(guān)于Assignment代寫的講解,Assignment寫作最重要的是內(nèi)容要豐富,邏輯夠清晰,這樣才能讓自己的Assignment得高分。更多信息找我們的客服吧!新客戶首單立減10%!