在essay寫(xiě)作中,語(yǔ)法、時(shí)態(tài)是異常重要的。留學(xué)生對(duì)于語(yǔ)法、時(shí)態(tài)的理解可能要比其他普通學(xué)生深刻一些,但真要講出個(gè)什么所以然來(lái),可能也不知道怎么表達(dá)。特別是對(duì)于什么“一般將來(lái)時(shí)”、“將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)”等更是說(shuō)不出啥來(lái)。今天Australiaway小編就帶大家看看essay寫(xiě)作中“將來(lái)時(shí)”具體該怎么用。
essay寫(xiě)作中的時(shí)態(tài)運(yùn)用
?。ㄒ唬┮话銓?lái)時(shí)態(tài)
1.will/shall表示單純的將來(lái)(即現(xiàn)在的之后),will還可以表示"決心"、"意愿";shall用于第一、三人稱的問(wèn)句中,還可以表示征求對(duì)方的意見(jiàn).例如:
He will be back in a few days.(單純將來(lái))
I will study hard to keep up with my classmates.(決心或意愿)
Shall I go with you?(征求意見(jiàn))
【注意】在含有if的條件狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí),主句中要用will表示將來(lái)時(shí).
例如:If it doesn't rain tomorrow,we will go climbing.
2.be going to+動(dòng)詞原形多用于口語(yǔ),強(qiáng)調(diào)事先的"打算、計(jì)劃"要做的事情或有某種跡象要發(fā)生的事情.例如:
What are you going to do this evening?(打算)
Look!There are so many clouds in the sky.It's going to rain,I think.(有跡象要發(fā)生的事情)
3.be doing代表現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí).現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示即將發(fā)生的將來(lái),多與表示位移的動(dòng)詞come,go,arrive,leave,fly,start等連用.例如:
She is leaving for Beijing.她就要啟程去北京.
4.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)時(shí),主要用于時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句或條件狀語(yǔ)從句中;或者用來(lái)表示按時(shí)刻表的規(guī)定將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作.例如:
I'll tell him about it as soon as I see him.
My plane takes off at seven tomorrow morning.
?。ǘ┻^(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)
1.過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)一般由“助動(dòng)詞would(should)+動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成,也可以用“was(were)going to+動(dòng)詞原形”來(lái)表示.過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)間看將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài),這種時(shí)態(tài)常用在賓語(yǔ)從句中.
I thought the film was going to be very interesting.
我原以為這個(gè)電影會(huì)很有趣.
No one knew which country would hold the next Olympic Games.
誰(shuí)也不知道將由哪個(gè)國(guó)家舉辦下一屆奧林匹克運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì).
2.由were/was going to表示過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)
Jackie thought the American country music was going to be very popular.杰基認(rèn)為美國(guó)鄉(xiāng)村音樂(lè)將深受歡迎.
The Greens were going to spend their winter vacation abroad.格林一家將到國(guó)外去度寒假.
Zhou Lan said she was going to work hard at her English.周蘭說(shuō)她將努力學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ).
Charlie wrote he and his father were going to cut rice soon.查利寫(xiě)道他與他父親不久就打算割稻.
3.用would表示過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)
They told me that they would come home by air for the holiday.他們告訴我說(shuō)他們將乘飛機(jī)回家度假.
The writer thought it would be wrong to eat monkeys.作者認(rèn)為吃猴子肉是不對(duì)的.
It would be very difficult to make progress if you didn't work hard.
4.過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)中的否定形式
The radio broadcast that it was not going to snow tomorrow.電臺(tái)廣播說(shuō)明天不會(huì)下雪.
He explained that he was not going to take part in the sports meeting.他解釋說(shuō)他將不參加運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì).
During an earthquake weak buildings would not stay up.地震時(shí)不結(jié)實(shí)的樓房就要倒塌.
He would not prepare any special food for his cousin.他不給表弟做特別的飯菜.
?。ㄈ┯糜诒硎具^(guò)去未實(shí)現(xiàn)的希望和計(jì)劃的表達(dá)
A.should like to/would like to/would love to+不定式的完成時(shí)態(tài)
B.was/were going to do sth.(用過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)表示原打算做什么.)
C.was/were going to have done sth.表示未完成原來(lái)的計(jì)劃和安排.
D.expect,intend,hope,mean,plan,promise,suppose,think,want,wish...
常用過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)在這些詞后接賓語(yǔ)從句或者接不定式的一般形式;或者用一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)后面接不定式的完成形式表示過(guò)去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望.
E.wish that…had done sth.表示過(guò)去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望.
F.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞should,would,could,might,ought to等后接不定式的完成時(shí),表示過(guò)去本該做,打算做,想做而未做的事情.
G.had better/would rather+不定式的完成時(shí),表示一種過(guò)去的愿望.常譯為"當(dāng)初最好/當(dāng)初真該...."
(四)不同時(shí)態(tài)的區(qū)別
1.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)是現(xiàn)在時(shí)的范疇,表示過(guò)去的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響;而一般過(guò)去時(shí)是過(guò)去的范疇,表示過(guò)去的動(dòng)作或現(xiàn)象,與現(xiàn)在無(wú)關(guān).例如:
He has come here.(說(shuō)明他現(xiàn)在在這里)
He came here.(說(shuō)明他過(guò)去來(lái)過(guò)這里,但現(xiàn)在是否在這里不知道)
2.一般過(guò)去時(shí)與過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的區(qū)別
一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去發(fā)生過(guò),強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作結(jié)束了.而過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示動(dòng)作在過(guò)去某時(shí)間內(nèi)進(jìn)行,強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作沒(méi)結(jié)束.例如:
Yesterday I wrote a letter.(意思是"寫(xiě)了信")
Yesterday I was writing a letter.(意思是"在寫(xiě)信")
3.過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)、過(guò)去完成時(shí)、過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)的區(qū)別
過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)、過(guò)去完成時(shí)、過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)這三個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)是"寄生"時(shí)態(tài).所謂"寄生"時(shí)態(tài),就是不能單獨(dú)存在,必須以某一過(guò)去時(shí)為存在的條件.過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)就是與某一過(guò)去時(shí)同時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)就是在某一過(guò)去時(shí)之后發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,過(guò)去完成時(shí)就是在某一過(guò)去動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作.請(qǐng)比較:
When I got there,they had done the work.當(dāng)我到達(dá)那兒時(shí),他們已經(jīng)做完工作了.
When I got there,they were doing the work carefully.當(dāng)我到達(dá)那兒時(shí),他們正在認(rèn)真地做工作.
When I got there,they would do the work.當(dāng)我到達(dá)那兒時(shí),他們才做工作.
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